ܐܠܦܒܝܬ
(אלף־בית)
𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀𐡀
| תעתיק לעברית | הגייה | ܐܪܡܝܐ (ארמי) | הדפס | הדפס רגיל | שם האות | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| numerical value | transl. | ه | |||||
| 1 | ʾ | ـܐ | א | ܐـ, ـܐـ, ܐـ | ܐ | ܐܵܠܲܦ݂ | |
| 2 | b, ḇ | ـܒ | , ܒ݂ܒ݁ | ב | ܒܹ݁ܝܬ݂ | ||
| 3 | g, ḡ | ـܓ | ܓ݁ | ג | ܓ݁ܵܡܲܠ | ||
| 4 | d, ḏ | ـܕ | ܕ݁ | ד | ܕ݁ܵܠܲܬ݂ | ||
| 5 | h | ـܗ | ܗ | ה | ܗܹܐ | ||
| 6 | w | ـܘ | ܘ | ו | ܘܲܘ | ||
| 7 | z | ـܙ | ܙ | ז | ܙܲܝܢ | ||
| 8 | ḥ | ـܚ | ܚ | ח | ܚܹܝܬ݂ | ||
| 9 | ṭ | ـܛ | ܛ | ט | ܛܹܝܬ݂ | ||
| 10 | y | ـܝ | ܝ | י | ܝܘܿܕ | ||
| 20 | k, ḵ | ـܟ | ܟ݁ܟ݂ | כ, ך | ܟ݁ܵܦ݂ | ||
| 30 | l | ـܠ | ܠ | ל | ܠܵܡܲܕ݂ | ||
| 40 | m | ـܡ | ܡ | מ, ם | ܡܝܼܡ | ||
| 50 | n | ـܢ | ܢ | נ, ן | ܢܘܼܢ | ||
| 60 | s | ـܣ | ܣ | ס | ܤܸܡܟ݁ܲܬ݂ | ||
| 70 | ʿ | ـܥ | ܥ | ע | ܥܹܐ | ||
| 80 | p, p̄ | ـܦ | ܦ݁ | פ, ף | ܦܹ݁ܐ | ||
| 90 | ṣ | ـܨ | ܨ | צ, ץ | ܨܵܕ݂ܹܐ | ||
| 100 | ḳ | ـܩ | ܩ | ק | ܩܘܿܦ݂ | ||
| 200 | r | ـܪ | ܪ | ר | ܪܹܝܫ | ||
| 300 | š | ـܫ | ܫ | ש | ܫܝܼܢ | ||
| 400 | t, ṯ | ـܬ | ܬ݁ | ת | ܬ݁ܲܘ |
תחילית
אמצעית
סופית
ܩܘܼܫܵܝܵܐ (ḳuššāyā) and ܪܘܼܟ݁ܵܒ݂ܵܐ (rukkāḵā)
| b | g | d | k | p | t |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ܒ݁ | ܓ݁ | ܕ݁ | ܟ݁ | ܦ݁ | ܬ݁ |
| ܒ݂ | ܓ݂ | ܕ݂ | ܟ݂ | ܦ݂ | ܬ݂ |
| ḇ | ḡ | ḏ | ḵ | p̄ | ṯ |
The Letters
ܐܠܦܐ
/ʾalpā/
The first letter of the Syriac alphabet, from Aramaic ⟨אַלְפָּא⟩ /ʾalpā/, cf. Phoenician ⟨אָֽלֶף⟩/⟨𐤐𐤋𐤀⟩ /ʾā́lep̄/, ultimately from unattested Proto-Semitic (PS) /*alpu/. It is transliterated by /ʾ/ when vowelled. It’s shape derives from the Phoenician letter ⟨𐤀⟩, which representes the head of an ox, itself developed from the Egyptian hieroglyph ⟨𓃾⟩ ⟨kꜣ⟩ ‘bull.
Development
| ערבית | אכדית | כנענית | ܣܽܘܪܝܳܝܳܐ סורית | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| *ḏ > d | ذَهَبٌ ⟨ḏahabun⟩ /דַּהַבֻן/ | זָהָב ⟨zāhāḇ⟩ | ܕ݁ܗܒ݂ܐ ⟨dahḇā⟩ /דַּהֲבָא/ | |
| *ṯ̣ > ṭ | ظِلٌّ ⟨ẓillun⟩ /טִלֻּן/ | 𒄑𒈪 ⟨ṣillum⟩ /צִלֻּם/ | צֵל ⟨ṣēl⟩ | ܛܠܠܐ ⟨טִלָּלָה⟩ /ṭellālā/ |
| *ṣ́ > ʿ | أَرْضٌ ⟨ʾarḍun⟩ /אַרְטֻן/ | 𒆠 ⟨erṣetum⟩ /אֶרְצֶתֻם/ | אָרֶץ ⟨ʿāreṣ⟩ | ܐܪܥܐ ⟨ʿarʿā⟩ /אַרְעָא/ |
| *ś > š | عَشْرٌ ⟨ʿašrun⟩ /עַשְׁרֻן/ | 𒌋 ⟨ešeret⟩ /עֶשֶׁרֶת/ | עשׂר ⟨ʿśr⟩ | ܥܫܪ ⟨ʿšar⟩ /עֲשַׁר/ |
| *ṯ > t | ثَلَاثٌ ⟨ṯalāṯ⟩ /תַּלָת/ | 𒐈 ⟨šalāšat⟩ /שַׁלָשַׁת/ | שָׁלשׁ ⟨šālôš⟩ | ܬ݁ܠܬ݂ ⟨tlāṯ⟩ /תְּלָת/ |
ܙܘܥܐ
(התנועות)
| ܡܥܪܒܝܐ מערבי | ܡܕܢܚܝܐ מזרחי | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| פְּתָחָא | ـܱܰ ܦܬ݂ܳܚܳܐ | ܦܬ݂ܵܚܵܐ ـܲ | a |
| זְקָפָה | ـܴܳ ܙܩܵܦ݂ܵܐ | ܙܩܵܦ݂ܵܐ ـܵ | ā |
| ـܸ ܙܠܡܐ ܦܫܝܩܐ | e | ||
| ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܩܲܫܝܵܐ ـܹ | e | ||
| רְבָצָא | ܪܒ݂ܳܨܳܐ ـܷܶ | ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܘܼ | e |
| ܘܿ ܪܘܵܚܵܐ | o | ||
| חֲבָצָא | ܚܒ݂ܳܨܳܐ ـܻܺ | ܚܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܝܼ | i |
| עֲצָצָא | ܥܨܳܨܳܐ ـܾܽ | u |
The Vowels East Syriac
ܦܬ݂ܵܚܵܐ (pṯāḥā) [a] ـܲ
ܙܩܵܦ݂ܵܐ (zqāp̄ā) [ɑ] : ـܵ
ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܐܲܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ ( rḇāṣā ʾărīḵā) or ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܩܵܐ (zlāmā pšīqā) [ɛ~ɪ] : ـܸ
ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܟܲܪܝܵܐ ( rḇāṣā karyā) or ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܩܲܫܝܵܐ (zlāmā qašyā) [e]: ـܹ
ܥܨܵܨܵܐ ܐܲܠܝܼܨܵܐ (ʿṣāṣā ʾălīṣā) or ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ (rḇāṣā) [u] : ܘܼ
ܥܨܵܨܵܐ rwīḥā (ʿṣāṣā ʾălīṣā) or ܪܘܵܚܵܐ (rwāḥā) [o] : ܘܿ
ܚܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ (ḥḇāṣā) [i] : ܝܼ
ܐܲܣܵܩܵܐ (ʾăsāqā) [e] : ـܹܝ
ܙܘܥܐ ܡܚܝܕܐ
(Diphthongs)
ܚܝܠܐ
(accent)
ܢܝܫܢܩܐ
(signs)
ܛܟܩܢܐ
The talqana ⟨ ݇ ⟩ is a line above a letter denotes that it is silent and a letter marked by the talqana is called tliqta
ܛܠܝܩܬܐ
ܐ݇
ܣܝܡܐ
the sign of the plural ⟨ ̈ ⟩. If a word contains ⟨ܕ⟩ or ⟨ܪ⟩ then the ___ are placed upon them ⟨ܕ̈, ܪ̈⟩
The vowel signs in Eastern Syriac
| pṯāḥā | ܦܬ݂ܵܚܵܐ | ـܲ | /a/ | pethaha |
| zqāp̄ā | ܙܩܵܦ݂ܵܐ | ـܵ | /ā/ | zekapha |
| rḇāṣā ʾărīḵā/zlāmā pšīqā | ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܐܲܪܝܼܟ݂ܵܐ , ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܦܫܝܼܩܵܐ | ـܸ | /e/ | rebasa aricha, zelama pesika |
| rḇāṣā karyā/zlāmā qašyā | ܪܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ ܟܲܪܝܵܐ, ܙܠܵܡܵܐ ܩܲܫܝܵܐ | ـܹ | /e/ | |
| ḥḇāṣā, yod ḥḇāṣā | ܚܒ݂ܵܨܵܐ | ܝܼ | /i/ | hebasa, yod habasa |
| rwīḥā, waw rwīḥā | ܥܨܵܨܵܐ | ܘܿ | /o/ | rewiha, waw rewiha |
| waw ʾălīṣā, | ܥܨܵܨܵܐ | ܘܼ | /u/ | waw allisa |
The vowel signs in Western Syriac
| pṯāḥā | ܦܬ݂ܳܚܳܐ | ـܱܰ | Α | /a/ | pethaha |
| zqāp̄ā | ܙܩܳܦ݂ܳܐ | ـܴܳ | α | /ā/ | zekapha |
| rḇāṣā | ܪܒ݂ܳܨܳܐ | ـܷܶ | ε | /e/ | rebasa |
| ḥḇāṣā | ܚܒ݂ܳܨܳܐ | ـܻܺ | Η | /i/ | habasa |
| ʿṣāṣā | ܥܨܳܨܳܐ | ـܾܽ | ΟΥ | /o/ | asasa |
ܚܠܦ ܫܡܗܐ
(pronouns)
ܚܠܦ ܫܡܗܐ ܠܚܘܕܝܐ
(Personal Pronouns)
ܚܠܦ ܫܡܗܐ ܢܩܦܝܐ
(Affix Pronouns)
ܚܠܦ ܫܡܗܐ ܡܚܘܝܢܐ / ܫܡܗܐ ܪܡܐܢܝܐ
(Demonstrative Pronouns)
ܚܠܦ ܫܡܗܐ ܫܘܐܠܝܐ
(Interrogative Pronouns)
ܚܠܦ ܫܡܗܐ ܕܬܢܝܬܐ*****
(Relative Pronouns)
ܫܡܗܐ
(Substantives)
ܓܢܣܐ : gender
ܡܢܝܢܐ : number
ܫܡܗܐ ܡܚܘܝܢܐ
(Adjectives)
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